Discussion: There are two complementary components of the immune system. (Innate and adaptive immune system)

1 Innate immune system - More basic non-specific immediate immune response.
2 Adaptive immune system - explicitly targeted against a variety of foreign invaders. While very useful, it takes time. The advantage is that the information about the antibody is stored in memory in case of need.

All vaccines for the coronavirus act on the Adaptive Immune system to give the patient as long-term vaccination as possible. The main problem is that it requires a lot of energy and is not always available, especially in older patients.