Discussion: On average, women worldwide live longer than men by 6-8 years. A similar phenomenon exists in many other mammal species. How does this relate to the liver?

The liver is the largest gland in our body and the largest consumer of energy. (More than the brain) The liver is a pain-sensitive organ, but the quality of life is severely affected without normal liver functions, and life expectancy is also impacted. Women have better liver protection from viral liver disease and alcohol damage than men due to the female hormone estrogen secreted at a woman's childbearing age.

Some of the gaps in women's and men's life expectancy are also due to gaps in lifestyle, employment, and diet, but this is a widespread phenomenon in almost all species of mammals. Therefore the explanation must be more biological. The female hormone estrogen, secreted during a woman's fertility period, protects the liver. A long lifespan requires a robust immune system. The liver and kidneys directly affect the physiological system as a whole; therefore, a more vital liver provides a longer lifespan. The explanation for the phenomenon is evolutionary. Females play a crucial role in childbirth and raising offspring, so nature has given them a significant physiological advantage. On the other hand, the male hormone testosterone enables a rapid increase in muscle mass. However, physical strength in the modern world is unnecessary for survival and does not increase life expectancy!