Discussion: Women, on average, around the globe outlive men between 6-8 years. A similar phenomenon exists in many other mammal species. What is the explanation for this phenomenon?

The very high incidence of migraines among women of childbearing age (excluding periods of pregnancy) reinforces the hypothesis that this is an inflammatory phenomenon due to a hormonal background. (Women have long been known to have an increased tendency for gallstones due to hormonal changes.)

Some of the gaps in women's and men's life expectancy are also due to gaps in lifestyle, employment, and diet, but this is a widespread phenomenon in almost all species of mammals. Therefore, the explanation must be more biological. The female hormone estrogen, secreted during a woman's fertility period, protects the liver. A long lifespan requires a robust immune system. The liver and kidneys directly affect the physiological system; therefore, a more vital liver provides a longer lifespan. The explanation for the phenomenon is evolutionary. Females play a crucial role in childbirth and raising offspring, so nature has given them a significant physiological advantage. On the other hand, the male hormone testosterone enables a rapid increase in muscle mass. However, physical strength in the modern world is unnecessary for survival and does not increase life expectancy!